Psychiatry

Bipolar Disorder - DRHC Dubai Psychiatry Clinic

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can affect sleep, energy levels, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly. At Dr. Rami Hamed Medical Center, Dubai.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

  • Bipolar I Disorder: Characterized by manic episodes that last at least seven days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that immediate hospital care is needed. Depressive episodes often occur as well, typically lasting at least two weeks.
  • Bipolar II Disorder: Characterized by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I Disorder.
  • Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia): Characterized by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents).
  • Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders are categories used in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) to classify conditions that have some features of bipolar disorder but do not meet the full criteria for any specific subtype. These categories are used when a person's symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not fit the standard criteria for Bipolar I, Bipolar II, or Cyclothymic Disorder.

Bipolar Disorder DRHC Dubai

Examples of conditions that may fall into these categories include:

  • Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS): This category is used when symptoms of bipolar disorder are present but do not meet the criteria for any specific subtype. For example, someone may have recurrent episodes of hypomania without a history of major depressive episodes.
  • Short-duration Hypomanic Episodes: Some individuals may experience brief episodes of hypomania that last less than the required four days for a formal diagnosis of hypomanic episode. These episodes may be classified under Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder.
  • Hypomania with Insufficient Symptoms: In some cases, individuals may experience symptoms of hypomania that are below the threshold for a formal diagnosis. These cases may be classified under Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder.
  • Cyclothymic Disorder: This condition is characterized by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. It is considered a milder form of bipolar disorder.
  • Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder: This category is used for conditions that have some features of bipolar disorder but do not fit into the other specified categories.

Treatment for bipolar disorder often involves a combination of medications (such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications, or antidepressants), psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. The goal of treatment is to stabilize mood, reduce the frequency and severity of episodes, and improve quality of life.

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