Lung TB in Dubai at DRHC

Overview:

Lung tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primarily affecting the lungs, it poses significant health risks due to its potential for rapid transmission and severe complications if not treated promptly. DRHC Dubai provides advanced diagnostic and treatment services for managing lung TB effectively.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of lung TB may develop gradually and include:

• Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
• Fatigue and weakness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fever and night sweats
• Loss of appetite

Transmission:

Lung TB spreads through airborne particles when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Close and prolonged contact with an infected individual increases the risk of transmission.

Diagnosis:

Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Diagnostic methods include:

• Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): Also known as the Mantoux test, where a small amount of tuberculin is injected under the skin and checked for a reaction.
• Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs): Blood tests that measure the immune system’s response to TB bacteria.
• Chest X-ray: To detect changes in the lungs indicative of TB.
• Sputum Tests: Microscopic examination and culture of sputum samples to identify TB bacteria.
• Molecular Tests: PCR-based tests that detect TB bacteria’s genetic material.

Treatment:

Lung TB is treatable with a combination of antibiotics taken over an extended period, typically 6-9 months. The most common regimen includes:

• Initial Phase: Two months of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
• Continuation Phase: Four to seven months of isoniazid and rifampin.

Strict adherence to the treatment regimen is essential to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB.

Prevention:

Preventing the spread of lung TB involves several strategies:

• Vaccination: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides some protection, particularly in children.
• Infection Control: Implementing airborne precautions in healthcare settings, including isolation of infected patients.
• Public Health Measures: Prompt identification and treatment of active TB cases and screening of high-risk populations.
• Education: Raising awareness about TB transmission and encouraging early medical consultation for symptoms.